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Central Concepts An Atlas of Contemporary Concepts and Their Central European Lineages
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Compendium of Ideas · Central Europe & the Global Mainstream

The concepts we think with, and the roads they travelled

The contemporary vocabulary of science, technology, economics, and politics circulates almost exclusively in English. Yet many of these concepts—from causal inference and game theory, through survivorship bias and the thought collective, to preference falsification and revolutionary cascades—took shape between Vienna, Lwów, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest, and Kharkiv.

This atlas explains 200 key concepts of contemporary thought in in-depth essays and reconstructs their intellectual lineage from primary sources: without national mythology, and with a strict distinction between documented influence, anticipation, and historical experience.

Case studies

Six Roads of Ideas

How concepts forged in the seminars, laboratories, and historical experience of Central Europe entered the canon of contemporary science.

author from the region · 67 years to translation #027

Causal inference

Jerzy Spława-Neyman → Donald B. Rubin

Kharkiv / Bydgoszcz / Warsaw (1923) → Statistical Science (1990)

A table of potential crop yields and a model of sampling without replacement, published in Polish in 1923, laid the mathematical foundation for the modern calculus of causality.

Read essay & primary-source documentation →
documented influence · 1989 experience #017

Preference falsification

Czesław Miłosz & Václav Havel → Timur Kuran

Vilnius / Warsaw (1951) · Hrádeček (1978) → World Politics (1991)

From the analysis of “Ketman” to the parable of the greengrocer: the Central European anatomy of living a dual truth became the basis for formal models of revolutionary cascades.

Read essay & primary-source documentation →
author from the region · statistical decision theory #008

Survivorship bias

Abraham Wald

Cluj / Vienna → Statistical Research Group, Columbia (1943)

Trained in Karl Menger’s Vienna Mathematical Colloquium, Wald solved the paradox of missing data: armor the parts of returning bombers where there are no bullet holes.

Read essay & primary-source documentation →
author from the region · game theory #062

Non-zero-sum games

John von Neumann & Oskar Morgenstern

Budapest / Vienna → Princeton (1944)

The meeting of the Budapest mathematical school and Viennese economic theory gave birth to the formal theory of games, coalitions, and strategic equilibria.

Read essay & primary-source documentation →
anticipation · 17 years ahead #091

Hyperreality

Stanisław Lem → Jean Baudrillard

Lwów / Kraków (“Summa Technologiae”, 1964) → Paris (1981)

In his chapter on “phantomatics,” Lem designed a complete engineering of sensory illusion and asked about the epistemic limits of a simulated world with no exit to base reality.

Read essay & primary-source documentation →

Chronological Cartography

Lineage Registry (1870–2030)

Each row connects a Central European source with the formulation under which the concept circulates globally. The glyph indicates the type of relation, while the vector on the shared timeline shows the span between the two moments.

211 documented links across 127 concepts · timeline 1870–2030

Taxonomy of the Six Relation Types

  • author from the region — the canonical formulation of the concept comes from a thinker intellectually formed in Central Europe
  • documented influence — a later global formulation explicitly cites a work, concept, or author from the region
  • anticipation — an earlier text from the region formulates a closely related idea or model, without proof of direct reception
  • parallel discovery — independent formulation of the same concept around the same time in the region and elsewhere
  • historical experience — the phenomenon occurred early or with particular clarity in Central Europe, serving as a classic case in the literature
  • counterpoint — a research tradition from the region exposes a limit, blind spot, or hidden assumption of the concept

Information theory 4 threads

  1. documented influence 76 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig Boltzmann, “Twierdzenie H (1872) i statystyczna definicja entropii (1877)”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria); Graz, Austria, 1872

    Global Circulation: information entropy H = −Σ p log p — Claude E. Shannon, 1948

  2. anticipation 19 years

    Central European Source: Leó Szilárd, “Über die Entropieverminderung in einem thermodynamischen System bei Eingriffen intelligenter Wesen”; Budapest, Hungary; Berlin, Germany, 1929

    Global Circulation: information as a measurable quantity, the bit, and its link to entropy — Claude E. Shannon, 1948

  3. documented influence 8 years

    Central European Source: Rada, by Shannon nazwał swoją miarę „entropią” — John von Neumann; Budapest, Hungary; Princeton, USA, 1940

    Global Circulation: the name “entropy” for the measure of uncertainty — Claude E. Shannon, 1948

  4. counterpoint 22 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Marian Mazur, “Jakościowa teoria informacji”; Warsaw, Poland, 1970

    Global Circulation: quantitative information theory (entropy, amount of information) — Claude E. Shannon, 1948

Spontaneous order and dispersed knowledge 3 threads

  1. documented influence 90 years

    Central European Source: Carl Menger, “Untersuchungen über die Methode der Socialwissenschaften und der politischen Oekonomie insbesondere”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria); Kraków, Austria-Hungary (now Poland), 1883

    Global Circulation: organic origin of institutions and spontaneous order (Rules and Order) — Friedrich August von Hayek, 1973

  2. counterpoint 9 years

    Central European Source: Oskar Lange, “On the Economic Theory of Socialism”; Kraków, Poland, 1936

    Global Circulation: critique of parametric pricing and market socialism — Friedrich August von Hayek, 1945

  3. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich August von Hayek, “Economics and Knowledge (oraz rozwinięcie w „The Use of Knowledge in Society”)”; Vienna, Austria, 1937

    Global Circulation: dispersed knowledge and spontaneous order — Friedrich August von Hayek, 1945

Ergodicity and the ruin barrier 2 threads

  1. author from the region 3 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig Boltzmann, “Über die Eigenschaften monozyklischer und anderer damit verwandter Systeme (oraz rozprawy o mechanice statystycznej z 1887 r.)”; Vienna and Graz, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1884

    Global Circulation: the ergodic hypothesis and the concept of ergodicity — Ludwig Boltzmann, 1887

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: John von Neumann (János Neumann), “Proof of the Quasi-Ergodic Hypothesis”; Budapest, Hungary, 1932

    Global Circulation: the Mean Ergodic Theorem — John von Neumann, 1932

Enactivism 2 threads

  1. documented influence 107 years

    Central European Source: Edmund Husserl, “Zwrot ku filozofii pod wpływem wykładów Franza Brentana w Wiedniu (1884–1886); analiza intencjonalności jako struktury doświadczenia”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1884

    Global Circulation: enaction and phenomenology as a partner to cognitive science (“The Embodied Mind”) — Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, Eleanor Rosch, 1991

  2. documented influence 98 years

    Central European Source: Jakob von Uexküll, “Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere”; Dorpat, Russian Empire (now Tartu, Estonia); Heidelberg, Germany, 1909

    Global Circulation: Umwelt as the meaningful world enacted by an organism (sense-making) — Evan Thompson, Ezequiel Di Paolo i in., 2007

Opportunity cost 2 threads

  1. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Friedrich von Wieser, “Der natürliche Werth”; Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czechia); Vienna, Austria, 1889

    Global Circulation: opportunity cost (alternative cost doctrine) — Friedrich von Wieser, 1889

  2. parallel discovery 5 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich von Wieser, “Der natürliche Werth”; Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czechia), 1889

    Global Circulation: opportunity cost (English term) — David I. Green, 1894

Network effects 1 thread

  1. anticipation 82 years

    Central European Source: Carl Menger, “On the Origin of Money (przekład Caroline A. Foley; pierwotnie „Geld”, 1892)”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1892

    Global Circulation: network effects (network externalities) — Jeffrey Rohlfs; Michael L. Katz i Carl Shapiro, 1974

Object-oriented ontology (OOO) 2 threads

  1. documented influence 115 years

    Central European Source: Kazimierz Twardowski, “Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1894

    Global Circulation: the real object and the sensual object in OOO — Graham Harman, 2009

  2. documented influence 108 years

    Central European Source: Edmund Husserl, “Teoria przedmiotu intencjonalnego (wykłady Brentana w Wiedniu 1884–1886; „Intentionale Gegenstände” z lat 90. XIX w.; „Logische Untersuchungen” 1900–1901)”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria); Halle, Germany, 1901

    Global Circulation: the sensual object in Object-Oriented Ontology — Graham Harman, 2009

Speculative realism 1 thread

  1. documented influence 116 years

    Central European Source: Kazimierz Twardowski, “Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1894

    Global Circulation: object-oriented ontology as a founding wing of speculative realism — Graham Harman, 2010

Cultural hegemony 2 threads

  1. documented influence 21 years

    Central European Source: Rosyjska socjaldemokracja (Plechanow, Lenin) i III Międzynarodówka, “„Gegemonija proletariata” — hasło kierowniczej roli proletariatu w rewolucji 1905 r., potem w sojuszu z chłopstwem”; Russian Empire; Moscow, Soviet Union (now Russia), 1905

    Global Circulation: hegemony (egemonia) as cultural, moral, and ideological leadership — Antonio Gramsci, 1926

  2. counterpoint 30 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Leszek Kołakowski, “Główne nurty marksizmu. Powstanie, rozwój, rozkład, t. III: Rozkład (rozdział o Antonio Gramscim)”; Paris, France (author trained in Łódź and Warsaw, Poland), 1978

    Global Circulation: cultural hegemony as a theory of rule by consent — Antonio Gramsci, 1948

Umwelt and autopoiesis 3 threads

  1. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Jakob von Uexküll, “Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere”; Dorpat, Russian Empire (now Tartu, Estonia), 1909

    Global Circulation: Umwelt (the organism's subjective world of meaning) — Jakob von Uexküll, 1909

  2. anticipation 40 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “Theoretische Biologie (t. I, 1932; t. II, 1942)”; Vienna, Austria, 1932

    Global Circulation: autopoiesis (self-production and self-maintenance of living organization) — Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, 1972

  3. documented influence 14 years

    Central European Source: Jurij Łotman i Kalevi Kull (tartuska szkoła semiotyki i biosemiotyki), “O semiosferie (1984) oraz On Semiosis, Umwelt, and Semiosphere (1998)”; Tartu, Estonian SSR (now Estonia), 1984

    Global Circulation: contemporary biosemiotics integrating Umwelt theory, semiosphere, and autopoiesis — Kalevi Kull, Jesper Hoffmeyer, Evan Thompson, 1998

Late capitalism 3 threads

  1. documented influence 62 years

    Central European Source: Rudolf Hilferding, “Das Finanzkapital. Eine Studie über die jüngste Entwicklung des Kapitalismus”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1910

    Global Circulation: late capitalism (Der Spätkapitalismus) — Ernest Mandel, 1972

  2. documented influence 59 years

    Central European Source: Róża Luksemburg, “Die Akkumulation des Kapitals. Ein Beitrag zur ökonomischen Erklärung des Imperialismus”; Warsaw, Congress Poland (now Poland); Zurich, Switzerland; Berlin, Germany, 1913

    Global Circulation: late capitalism (Der Spätkapitalismus) — Ernest Mandel, 1972

  3. documented influence 39 years

    Central European Source: Michał Kalecki, “Praca w Instytucie Badania Koniunktur Gospodarczych i Cen w Warszawie (1929–1936) i „Próba teorii koniunktury” (1933)”; Warsaw, Poland, 1933

    Global Circulation: late capitalism (Der Spätkapitalismus) — Ernest Mandel, 1972

Creative destruction 1 thread

  1. author from the region 31 years

    Central European Source: Joseph Alois Schumpeter, “Studia prawa i ekonomii w Wiedniu (doktorat 1906, seminarium Böhm-Bawerka), profesura w Czerniowcach (1909–1911) i Grazu; „Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung” (1911)”; Vienna, Austria; Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine); Graz, Austria, 1911

    Global Circulation: creative destruction (Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Ch. VII) — Joseph A. Schumpeter, 1942

First principles thinking 2 threads

  1. counterpoint 106 years

    Central European Source: Otto Neurath, “Die Verirrten des Cartesius und das Auxiliarmotiv (Zur Psychologie des Entschlusses); rozwinięcie w „Protokollsätze” (1932)”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), 1913

    Global Circulation: first principles thinking — Shane Parrish i Rhiannon Beaubien (za Elonem Muskiem), 2019

  2. counterpoint 85 years

    Central European Source: Karl Popper, “Logik der Forschung. Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft”; Vienna, Austria, 1934

    Global Circulation: first principles thinking — Shane Parrish i Rhiannon Beaubien (za Elonem Muskiem), 2019

Emergence 2 threads

  1. author from the region 54 years

    Central European Source: Michael Polanyi, “Medical studies at the University of Budapest (degree 1914) and doctorate in physical chemistry (research 1916–1917, degree 1919); later writings: “The Tacit Dimension” (1966, ch. “Emergence”) and “Life's Irreducible Structure” (Science 1968)”; Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary), 1914

    Global Circulation: emergence as a hierarchy of levels governed by boundary conditions (dual control) — Michael Polanyi, 1968

  2. anticipation 22 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “An Outline of General System Theory”; Vienna, Austria, 1950

    Global Circulation: More Is Different — Philip W. Anderson, 1972

Path dependence 1 thread

  1. historical experience 97 years

    Central European Source: The division of Polish lands among Russia, Prussia, and Austria (1795–1918) as a natural experiment in institutional and cultural persistence — The Partitions of Poland and their persistent institutional and cultural effects (study by Grosfeld and Zhuravskaya); Partitioned Poland: Russian, Prussian and Austrian partitions (now Poland), 1918

    Global Circulation: historical persistence and path dependence — Irena Grosfeld, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2015

Bullshit (indifference to truth) 2 threads

  1. anticipation 67 years

    Central European Source: Kazimierz Twardowski, “O jasnym i niejasnym stylu filozoficznym”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), 1919

    Global Circulation: philosophical analysis of bullshit and sham discourse (On Bullshit) — Harry G. Frankfurt, 1986

  2. anticipation 8 years

    Central European Source: Václav Havel, “Moc bezmocných”; Prague / Hrádeček, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1978

    Global Circulation: speech calculated to make an impression with indifference to truth (On Bullshit) — Harry G. Frankfurt, 1986

Causal inference 2 threads

  1. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Jerzy Spława-Neyman, “Próba uzasadnienia zastosowań rachunku prawdopodobieństwa do doświadczeń polowych”; Kharkov (now Kharkiv, Ukraine); Bydgoszcz and Warsaw, Poland, 1923

    Global Circulation: potential outcomes model, today known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model — Jerzy Neyman, 1923

  2. documented influence 67 years

    Central European Source: Jerzy Spława-Neyman, “Próba uzasadnienia zastosowań rachunku prawdopodobieństwa do doświadczeń polowych (§9)”; Bydgoszcz and Warsaw, Poland, 1923

    Global Circulation: Comment: Neyman (1923) and Causal Inference in Experiments and Observational Studies — Donald B. Rubin, 1990

Matthew effect 1 thread

  1. anticipation 45 years

    Central European Source: George Pólya (z Florianem Eggenbergerem), “Über die Statistik verketteter Vorgänge”; Budapest, Hungary; Zurich, Switzerland, 1923

    Global Circulation: Matthew effect / cumulative advantage — Robert K. Merton, 1968

The Great Transformation and fictitious commodities 2 threads

  1. author from the region 20 years

    Central European Source: Karl Polanyi (Károly Polányi), “Formacja w Budapeszcie (Klub Galileusza) i praca redakcyjna w „Der Österreichische Volkswirt” w Wiedniu (1924–1933) prowadząca do „The Great Transformation” (1944)”; Budapest, Hungary; Kolozsvár, Austria-Hungary (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania); Vienna, Austria, 1924

    Global Circulation: the Great Transformation, fictitious commodities, and the double movement — Karl Polanyi, 1944

  2. documented influence 75 years

    Central European Source: Karl Polanyi (Károly Polányi), “The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time”; Budapest, Hungary; Vienna, Austria; London, United Kingdom, 1944

    Global Circulation: the fourth fictitious commodity: human experience in surveillance capitalism — Shoshana Zuboff, 2019

Non-zero-sum games 2 threads

  1. author from the region 19 years

    Central European Source: Oskar Morgenstern, “Doktorat na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim (1925) i profesura ekonomii w Wiedniu do 1938 r.”; Vienna, Austria, 1925

    Global Circulation: non-zero-sum games as a category of game theory — John von Neumann i Oskar Morgenstern, 1944

  2. author from the region 16 years

    Central European Source: John von Neumann, “Studia w Budapeszcie (Gimnazjum Luterańskie, doktorat z matematyki 1926) → „Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele” (1928) → „Theory of Games and Economic Behavior” (1944)”; Budapest, Hungary, 1928

    Global Circulation: non-zero-sum games as a category of game theory — John von Neumann i Oskar Morgenstern, 1944

Anthropocene 1 thread

  1. anticipation 74 years

    Central European Source: Władimir Wiernadski, “Биосфера (Biosfera); później koncepcja noosfery (1938–1945)”; St Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia); Kiev (now Kyiv, Ukraine); Leningrad (now St Petersburg, Russia), 1926

    Global Circulation: Anthropocene — Paul J. Crutzen i Eugene F. Stoermer, 2000

Thought style and thought collective 3 threads

  1. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck and the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine (Władysław Biegański, Zygmunt Kramsztyk), “O niektórych swoistych cechach myślenia lekarskiego (On Some Specific Features of Medical Thinking)”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine); Warsaw, Poland; Częstochowa, Poland, 1927

    Global Circulation: epistemology of the clinical fact and collective cognition — Ludwik Fleck, 1935

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck, “Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine); Basel, Switzerland, 1935

    Global Circulation: thought style and thought collective (Denkstil und Denkkollektiv) — Ludwik Fleck, 1935

  3. documented influence 27 years

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck, “Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine); Basel, Switzerland, 1935

    Global Circulation: paradigm and scientific community (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions) — Thomas S. Kuhn, 1962

Motivated reasoning 3 threads

  1. anticipation 63 years

    Central European Source: Sigmund Freud, “Die Zukunft einer Illusion”; Vienna, Austria, 1927

    Global Circulation: motivated reasoning — Ziva Kunda, 1990

  2. anticipation 55 years

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck, “Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), 1935

    Global Circulation: motivated reasoning — Ziva Kunda, 1990

  3. documented influence 32 years

    Central European Source: Fritz Heider, “The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations”; Graz, Austria (formation); Lawrence, Kansas, USA (text), 1958

    Global Circulation: motivated reasoning — Ziva Kunda, 1990

Industrial policy 2 threads

  1. author from the region 23 years

    Central European Source: Alexander Gerschenkron, “Studia ekonomiczne na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim (1924–1928) i praca w Wiedniu do 1938 r. (Economics studies at the University of Vienna, 1924–1928, and research work in Vienna until 1938)”; Odessa, Russian Empire (now Odesa, Ukraine); Vienna, Austria, 1928

    Global Circulation: economic backwardness thesis: the later a country industrializes, the greater the coordinating role of the state and investment banks — Alexander Gerschenkron, 1951

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Paul Rosenstein-Rodan, “Problems of Industrialisation of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe”; Kraków, Austria-Hungary (now Poland); Vienna, Austria; London, UK, 1943

    Global Circulation: the Big Push — the foundational economic argument for coordinated, state-planned industrialization — Paul Rosenstein-Rodan, 1943

Probabilistic thinking 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 87 years

    Central European Source: Richard von Mises, “Wahrscheinlichkeit, Statistik und Wahrheit”; Lemberg (now Lviv, Ukraine); Vienna, Austria; Brünn (now Brno, Czechia), 1928

    Global Circulation: single-event probability as a forecaster's calibrated degree of belief (Superforecasting) — Philip E. Tetlock, Dan Gardner, 2015

Network theory 3 threads

  1. anticipation 38 years

    Central European Source: Frigyes Karinthy, “Láncszemek (w tomie „Minden másképpen van”)”; Budapest, Hungary, 1929

    Global Circulation: six degrees of separation / the small-world problem — Stanley Milgram, 1967

  2. documented influence 39 years

    Central European Source: Paul Erdős i Alfréd Rényi, “On the evolution of random graphs”; Budapest, Hungary, 1960

    Global Circulation: scale-free networks as a departure from random graphs (Barabási–Albert model) — Albert-László Barabási i Réka Albert, 1999

  3. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Albert-László Barabási, “Studia fizyki na Uniwersytecie Bukareszteńskim (1986–1989) i magisterium na Uniwersytecie Loránda Eötvösa w Budapeszcie (1991) pod kierunkiem Tamása Vicseka”; Bucharest, Romania; Budapest, Hungary, 1991

    Global Circulation: scale-free networks and the preferential attachment model (Barabási–Albert) — Albert-László Barabási i Réka Albert, 1999

Cognitive offloading 1 thread

  1. anticipation 86 years

    Central European Source: Lew Wygotski, “Instrumientalnyj mietod w psichołogii (wystąpienie w Akademii Wychowania Komunistycznego im. Krupskiej)”; Moscow, USSR (now Russia); formative work in Gomel, Byelorussian SSR (now Homiel, Belarus), 1930

    Global Circulation: cognitive offloading — Evan F. Risko, Sam J. Gilbert, 2016

The map is not the territory 1 thread

  1. author from the region 2 years

    Central European Source: Alfred Korzybski, “A Non-Aristotelian System and Its Necessity for Rigour in Mathematics and Physics (referat na zjeździe AAAS w Nowym Orleanie, 28 grudnia 1931; przedruk jako Suplement III „Science and Sanity”)”; Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland), 1931

    Global Circulation: the map is not the territory — Alfred Korzybski, 1933

Applied Bayesianism 3 threads

  1. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Abraham Wald, “Studia matematyczne na uniwersytecie w Klużu (dyplom 1928) i doktorat na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim u Karla Mengera (1931); praca w Wiedniu do 1938 r.”; Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania); Vienna, Austria, 1931

    Global Circulation: statistical decision theory: Bayes decision rules — Abraham Wald, 1939

  2. counterpoint 69 years

    Central European Source: Karl R. Popper, “Logik der Forschung. Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft”; Vienna, Austria, 1934

    Global Circulation: Bayesian confirmation: updating degrees of belief in a hypothesis — Edwin T. Jaynes (2003); Eliezer Yudkowsky (2015), 2003

  3. documented influence 49 years

    Central European Source: George Pólya, “Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning (t. I: Induction and Analogy in Mathematics; t. II: Patterns of Plausible Inference)”; Budapest, Hungary (education); Zürich, Switzerland and Stanford, USA (work), 1954

    Global Circulation: probability as extended logic (Probability Theory: The Logic of Science) — Edwin T. Jaynes, 2003

Survivorship bias 1 thread

  1. author from the region 12 years

    Central European Source: Abraham Wald, “Studia matematyczne w Klużu (licencjat 1927) i w Wiedniu: doktorat u Karla Mengera (1931), Kolokwium Matematyczne Mengera (od 1930), Instytut Badań Koniunktury Oskara Morgensterna (1933–1938)”; Kolozsvár, Hungary (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania); Vienna, Austria, 1931

    Global Circulation: survivorship bias: SRG memoranda on estimating aircraft vulnerability from damage to returning bombers — Abraham Wald, 1943

Sensemaking 1 thread

  1. documented influence 63 years

    Central European Source: Alfred Schütz, “Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt. Eine Einleitung in die verstehende Soziologie”; Vienna, Austria, 1932

    Global Circulation: sensemaking — retrospectivity and the social construction of meaning — Karl E. Weick, 1995

Geoeconomic fragmentation 1 thread

  1. historical experience 11 years

    Central European Source: Umowy clearingowe i preferencje handlowe III Rzeszy wobec Węgier, Rumunii, Bułgarii i Jugosławii (Nazi Germany's clearing agreements and trade preferences toward Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia) — Handel bilateralny Niemiec z państwami Europy Południowo-Wschodniej w latach 30. XX w. (Germany's bilateral trade with Southeastern Europe in the 1930s); Budapest, Hungary; Bucharest, Romania; Sofia, Bulgaria; Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia), 1934

    Global Circulation: trade as an instrument of state power; weaponized interdependence and geoeconomic fragmentation — Albert O. Hirschman, 1945

Weaponized interdependence 3 threads

  1. historical experience 11 years

    Central European Source: Dwustronne umowy clearingowe i asymetryczne uzależnienie handlowe państw regionu w latach 30. XX wieku — Ekspansja handlowa III Rzeszy w Europie Południowo-Wschodniej i Środkowej; Budapest, Hungary; Bucharest, Romania; Sofia, Bulgaria; Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia); Berlin, Germany, 1934

    Global Circulation: trade sources of national power and asymmetric interdependence (National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade) — Albert O. Hirschman, 1945

  2. documented influence 74 years

    Central European Source: Albert O. Hirschman, “National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade (studium podporządkowania gospodarek Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Południowo-Wschodniej)”; Berlin, Germany; Trieste, Italy; Berkeley, USA, 1945

    Global Circulation: weaponized interdependence — Henry Farrell, Abraham L. Newman, 2019

  3. historical experience 1 year

    Central European Source: Wykorzystanie infrastruktury rurociągowej przez Rosję wobec Europy Środkowej oraz odcięcie rosyjskich banków od systemu SWIFT w 2022 r. — Kryzys gazowy i wojna sankcyjna wokół agresji Rosji na Ukrainę; Kyiv, Ukraine; Warsaw, Poland; Berlin, Germany; Brussels, Belgium, 2022

    Global Circulation: collision of physical and informational chokepoints (Underground Empire) — Henry Farrell, Abraham L. Newman, 2023

Bounded rationality and dual-process thinking 3 threads

  1. documented influence 22 years

    Central European Source: Egon Brunswik, “Wahrnehmung und Gegenstandswelt. Grundlegung einer Psychologie vom Gegenstand her”; Vienna, Austria, 1934

    Global Circulation: two-bladed (scissors) bounded rationality and ecological rationality — Herbert A. Simon; Gerd Gigerenzer, 1956

  2. documented influence 11 years

    Central European Source: John von Neumann i Oskar Morgenstern, “Theory of Games and Economic Behavior”; Budapest, Hungary; Vienna, Austria; Princeton, USA, 1944

    Global Circulation: critique of expected utility maximization (Simon 1955; Kahneman and Tversky 1979) — Herbert A. Simon; Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, 1955

  3. documented influence 10 years

    Central European Source: George Pólya (György Pólya), “How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method”; Budapest, Hungary; Vienna, Austria; Stanford, USA, 1945

    Global Circulation: heuristic search and bounded rationality (Simon) and heuristics and biases (Tversky and Kahneman) — Herbert A. Simon; Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, 1955

Metacognition 1 thread

  1. anticipation 45 years

    Central European Source: Lew Wygotski, “Myšlenie i reč (Мышление и речь), rozdz. 6: rozwój pojęć naukowych w dzieciństwie”; Gomel, Byelorussian SSR (now Homel, Belarus); Moscow, USSR (now Russia), 1934

    Global Circulation: metacognition as knowledge and monitoring of one's own cognitive processes — John H. Flavell, 1979

Black Swan 1 thread

  1. documented influence 73 years

    Central European Source: Karl Popper, “Logik der Forschung”; Vienna, Austria, 1934

    Global Circulation: Black Swan as epistemic asymmetry — Nassim Nicholas Taleb, 2007

Information hazards 1 thread

  1. anticipation 77 years

    Central European Source: Utajnienie patentu na reakcję łańcuchową (1934–1936) i próba dobrowolnej autocenzury publikacji o rozszczepieniu uranu (1939) — Leó Szilárd; Budapest, Hungary (education); London, UK and New York, USA (action), 1934

    Global Circulation: information hazard — Bostrom's typology (idea hazard, data hazard) — Nick Bostrom, 2011

Falsifiability and the replication crisis 3 threads

  1. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Karl Popper, “Logik der Forschung”; Vienna, Austria, 1935

    Global Circulation: falsifiability as the criterion of demarcation — Karl Popper, 1935

  2. counterpoint 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck, “Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache”; Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine), 1935

    Global Circulation: falsifiability as the criterion of demarcation — Karl Popper, 1935

  3. author from the region 23 years

    Central European Source: Imre Lakatos, “Studies in Debrecen (1940–1944), PhD in Debrecen 1947 (doctoral studies in Budapest from 1946); work at the Mathematical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, where he first read Popper”; Debrecen and Budapest, Hungary, 1947

    Global Circulation: sophisticated methodological falsificationism and scientific research programmes — Imre Lakatos, 1970

Wicked problems 1 thread

  1. documented influence 38 years

    Central European Source: Karl Popper, “Logik der Forschung (English trans. The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959)”; Vienna, Austria, 1935

    Global Circulation: wicked problems — Proposition 10: “The planner has no right to be wrong” — Horst W. J. Rittel, Melvin M. Webber, 1973

Network epistemology 1 thread

  1. anticipation 72 years

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck, “Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), 1935

    Global Circulation: network epistemology (epistemic network models) — Kevin J. S. Zollman, 2007

Metascience 1 thread

  1. anticipation 80 years

    Central European Source: Maria Ossowska i Stanisław Ossowski, “Nauka o nauce”; Warsaw, Poland, 1935

    Global Circulation: meta-research / metascience as a discipline evaluating and improving research practices — John P. A. Ioannidis, Daniele Fanelli, Debbie Drake Dunne, Steven N. Goodman, 2015

Epistemic bubbles vs. echo chambers 1 thread

  1. anticipation 85 years

    Central European Source: Ludwik Fleck, “Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), 1935

    Global Circulation: echo chamber as a structure that actively discredits outside voices — C. Thi Nguyen, 2020

Mechanism design 2 threads

  1. documented influence 36 years

    Central European Source: Oskar Lange, “On the Economic Theory of Socialism (Review of Economic Studies 1936–1937; wyd. książkowe 1938)”; Kraków, Poland; Chicago, USA, 1936

    Global Circulation: mechanism design as a formal resolution of the socialist calculation debate — Leonid Hurwicz, 1972

  2. author from the region 34 years

    Central European Source: Leonid Hurwicz, “Studia prawnicze na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim (dyplom 1938) i pierwsze zajęcia z ekonomii”; Warsaw, Poland, 1938

    Global Circulation: mechanism design and incentive compatibility — Leonid Hurwicz, 1972

Burnout 1 thread

  1. anticipation 38 years

    Central European Source: Hans Selye, “A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents (ogólny zespół adaptacyjny z fazą wyczerpania)”; Vienna, Austria; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1936

    Global Circulation: burnout as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress (Freudenberger; Maslach; WHO ICD-11) — Herbert Freudenberger, 1974

Metacrisis 1 thread

  1. anticipation 85 years

    Central European Source: Edmund Husserl, “Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie (Vienna and Prague lectures 1935; Parts I–II published 1936)”; Vienna, Austria; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1936

    Global Circulation: metacrisis as a crisis in how we understand our own understanding (meta-crisis) — Jonathan Rowson, 2021

Hanlon’s razor 2 threads

  1. counterpoint 43 years

    Central European Source: Robert Musil, “Über die Dummheit. Vortrag auf Einladung des Österreichischen Werkbunds”; Vienna, Austria, 1937

    Global Circulation: Hanlon's razor — Robert J. Hanlon (w zbiorze Arthura Blocha), 1980

  2. anticipation 32 years

    Central European Source: Karl R. Popper, “„Towards a Rational Theory of Tradition” (wykład, Oksford, 26 VII 1948) i „Prediction and Prophecy in the Social Sciences” (X Międzynarodowy Kongres Filozoficzny, Amsterdam 1948), w: Conjectures and Refutations (1963)”; Vienna, Austria (formation); Christchurch, New Zealand (Canterbury University College), 1948

    Global Circulation: Hanlon's razor — Robert J. Hanlon (w zbiorze Arthura Blocha), 1980

Incentives 2 threads

  1. author from the region 34 years

    Central European Source: Leonid Hurwicz, “Studia prawnicze na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim (magisterium 1938), potem LSE i Genewa”; Warsaw, Poland, 1938

    Global Circulation: incentive compatibility and mechanism design — Leonid Hurwicz, 1972

  2. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: János Kornai, “The Soft Budget Constraint”; Budapest, Hungary, 1986

    Global Circulation: enterprise incentives and the soft budget constraint — János Kornai, 1986

Information asymmetry 2 threads

  1. author from the region 34 years

    Central European Source: Leonid Hurwicz, “Studia prawnicze na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim (magisterium 1938), następnie LSE u Hayeka i Kaldora”; Warsaw, Poland, 1938

    Global Circulation: incentive compatibility and informational decentralization (mechanism design under private information) — Leonid Hurwicz, 1972

  2. anticipation 25 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich August von Hayek, “The Use of Knowledge in Society”; Vienna, Austria; London, United Kingdom, 1945

    Global Circulation: economics of asymmetric information (the market for lemons, signaling, screening) — George A. Akerlof, 1970

Biopolitics 1 thread

  1. historical experience 58 years

    Central European Source: Niemiecki obóz koncentracyjny i zagłady w okupowanej Polsce; relacje więźniów (m.in. Primo Levi) o »muzułmanach« — Obóz Auschwitz-Birkenau i figura »muzułmana« (Muselmann); Auschwitz (Oświęcim), German-occupied Poland (now Poland), 1940

    Global Circulation: the camp as the biopolitical paradigm of the modern; the Muselmann as the figure of bare life — Giorgio Agamben, 1998

Banality of evil and the problem of many hands 3 threads

  1. historical experience 22 years

    Central European Source: Organizacja deportacji z Wiednia, Pragi, ziem polskich i Węgier do obozów zagłady (m.in. Auschwitz-Birkenau) — Biurokratyczna machina Zagłady w okupowanej Europie Środkowej; Vienna, Austria; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia); Oświęcim (Auschwitz), Poland; Budapest, Hungary, 1941

    Global Circulation: banality of evil — Hannah Arendt, 1963

  2. anticipation 17 years

    Central European Source: Tadeusz Borowski i Zofia Nałkowska, “Pożegnanie z Marią (oraz „Medaliony” Zofii Nałkowskiej)”; Warsaw, Poland; Łódź, Poland; Munich, Germany, 1946

    Global Circulation: routinization and procedural division of roles in systemic crime — Hannah Arendt, 1963

  3. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Zygmunt Bauman, “Modernity and the Holocaust”; Warsaw, Poland; Leeds, United Kingdom, 1989

    Global Circulation: bureaucratic division of labor, substitution of technical for moral responsibility, and adiaphorization — Zygmunt Bauman, 1989

Epistemic injustice 2 threads

  1. historical experience 73 years

    Central European Source: Relacja Karskiego o Zagładzie i odpowiedź Felixa Frankfurtera: „I am unable to believe you” — Jan Karski; Warsaw and Izbica, German-occupied Poland (report delivered in London and Washington), 1943

    Global Circulation: testimonial injustice (Fricker) as an analytical lens on disbelief toward Karski's Holocaust testimony — Judith Suissa, 2016

  2. historical experience 2 years

    Central European Source: Debata o „westsplainingu” po pełnoskalowej inwazji Rosji na Ukrainę — Jan Smoleński i Jan Dutkiewicz oraz badaczki z Europy Wschodniej i Azji Środkowej; Ukraine; Central and Eastern Europe, 2022

    Global Circulation: epistemic injustice (Fricker) applied to Western security debates over Ukraine — Tereza Hendl, Olga Burlyuk, Mila O’Sullivan, Aizada Arystanbek, 2024

Legibility 3 threads

  1. documented influence 54 years

    Central European Source: Karl Polanyi, “The Great Transformation”; Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary); Vienna, Austria, 1944

    Global Circulation: market legibility: reducing land and labor to “factors of production” (“Seeing Like a State,” Ch. 7) — James C. Scott, 1998

  2. documented influence 53 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich A. Hayek, “The Use of Knowledge in Society; The Road to Serfdom; Studies in Philosophy, Economics, and Politics”; Vienna, Austria, 1945

    Global Circulation: legibility and local knowledge (metis) in “Seeing Like a State” — James C. Scott, 1998

  3. documented influence 40 years

    Central European Source: Michael Polanyi, “Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy”; Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary), 1958

    Global Circulation: metis — practical knowledge illegible to the state (“Seeing Like a State,” Ch. 9) — James C. Scott, 1998

Free energy principle 2 threads

  1. documented influence 69 years

    Central European Source: Erwin Schrödinger, “What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell”; Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria); Dublin, Ireland, 1944

    Global Circulation: the free energy principle as a physics of self-organizing systems (“Life as we know it”) — Karl Friston, 2013

  2. counterpoint 10 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Piotr Litwin i Marcin Miłkowski, “Unification by Fiat: Arrested Development of Predictive Processing”; Warsaw, Poland, 2020

    Global Circulation: predictive processing and the free energy principle as a unified theory of cognition — Karl Friston, 2010

Decision reversibility 1 thread

  1. anticipation 71 years

    Central European Source: Karl Popper, “The Poverty of Historicism (trzy części w „Economica” 1944–1945; książka 1957)”; Vienna, Austria (formation); Christchurch, New Zealand (publication), 1944

    Global Circulation: Type 1 and Type 2 decisions (one-way doors / two-way doors) — Jeff Bezos, 2015

Surveillance capitalism 1 thread

  1. documented influence 71 years

    Central European Source: Karl Polanyi, “The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time”; Budapest, Hungary; Vienna, Austria, 1944

    Global Circulation: surveillance capitalism — human experience and reality itself as a fourth fictional commodity — Shoshana Zuboff, 2015

Framing 1 thread

  1. documented influence 29 years

    Central European Source: Alfred Schütz, “On Multiple Realities”; Vienna, Austria; New York, USA, 1945

    Global Circulation: frame analysis — the sociological lineage of the concept of frame — Erving Goffman, 1974

Inversion 1 thread

  1. anticipation 41 years

    Central European Source: George Pólya, “How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method”; Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary); Zurich, Switzerland; Stanford, USA, 1945

    Global Circulation: inversion (invert, always invert) — Charles T. Munger, 1986

Epistemic humility 2 threads

  1. anticipation 66 years

    Central European Source: Karl R. Popper, “The Open Society and Its Enemies, t. II: The High Tide of Prophecy (rozdz. 24 „Oracular Philosophy and the Revolt against Reason”)”; Vienna, Austria; Christchurch, New Zealand; London, United Kingdom, 1945

    Global Circulation: intellectual humility as an epistemic virtue — Jason Baehr; Dennis Whitcomb, Heather Battaly, Jason Baehr, Daniel Howard-Snyder, 2011

  2. anticipation 37 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich A. von Hayek, “The Pretence of Knowledge (wykład noblowski)”; Vienna, Austria; Stockholm, Sweden, 1974

    Global Circulation: epistemic humility as recognition of the limits of one's knowledge — Jason Baehr, 2011

De-risking 2 threads

  1. historical experience 74 years

    Central European Source: Albert O. Hirschman — analiza handlu Niemiec z Europą Południowo-Wschodnią w latach 30. (Albert O. Hirschman — analysis of Germany's 1930s trade with Southeastern Europe), “National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade”; Budapest, Hungary; Bucharest, Romania; Sofia, Bulgaria; Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia), 1945

    Global Circulation: asymmetric trade dependence as an instrument of coercion (weaponized interdependence) — Henry Farrell, Abraham L. Newman, 2019

  2. historical experience 1 year

    Central European Source: Wstrzymanie importu rosyjskiego gazu (kwiecień 2022) i wyjście z systemu BRELL (8–9 lutego 2025) (Halting Russian gas imports in April 2022 and exiting the BRELL power grid on February 8–9, 2025) — Litwa, Łotwa i Estonia — zerwanie powiązań energetycznych z Rosją (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia — severing energy ties with Russia); Vilnius, Lithuania; Riga, Latvia; Tallinn, Estonia, 2022

    Global Circulation: de-risking, not decoupling — Jake Sullivan, 2023

Externalities 1 thread

  1. anticipation 11 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Mises, “Human Action, Ch. XXIII, §6 “The Limits of Property Rights and the Problems of External Costs and External Economies””; Vienna, Austria, 1949

    Global Circulation: externalities as a problem of property rights and transaction costs (The Problem of Social Cost) — Ronald Coase, 1960

Tragedy of the commons 2 threads

  1. anticipation 19 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Mises, “Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, Part IV, Ch. XXIII, §6 “The Limits of Property Rights and the Problems of External Costs and External Economies””; Vienna, Austria, 1949

    Global Circulation: tragedy of the commons — Garrett Hardin, 1968

  2. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Empty storefronts and street kiosks after the fall of communism: fragmented veto rights over commercial premises — Post-1989 property transition in the cities of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia; cities of post-socialist Eastern Europe (incl. Russia), 1998

    Global Circulation: tragedy of the anticommons — Michael Heller, 1998

Complexity science 3 threads

  1. anticipation 35 years

    Central European Source: John von Neumann, “Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata (lectures in Urbana, December 1949; ed. Arthur W. Burks 1966)”; Budapest, Hungary, 1949

    Global Circulation: complexity science (Santa Fe Institute) — Murray Gell-Mann, George Cowan, and co-founders of the Santa Fe Institute, 1984

  2. anticipation 34 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “An Outline of General System Theory”; Vienna, Austria, 1950

    Global Circulation: complexity science — Santa Fe Institute, 1984

  3. anticipation 20 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich A. Hayek, “The Theory of Complex Phenomena”; Vienna, Austria, 1964

    Global Circulation: complexity science — Santa Fe Institute, 1984

Dual-use technology 1 thread

  1. historical experience 47 years

    Central European Source: Utworzenie Komitetu Koordynacyjnego Wielostronnej Kontroli Eksportu (COCOM) wymierzonego w Europę Wschodnią, ZSRR i ChRL — Blok wschodni jako adresat kontroli eksportu COCOM; Eastern Europe (Soviet bloc, now Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary and others), 1949

    Global Circulation: dual-use goods and technologies in the Wassenaar Arrangement export-control regime — Porozumienie Wassenaar (33 państwa założycielskie), 1996

Systems thinking 3 threads

  1. author from the region 59 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “University of Vienna biological studies and habilitation; “General System Theory” in “Biologia Generalis” (1949)”; Vienna, Austria, 1949

    Global Circulation: systems thinking — Donella H. Meadows, 2008

  2. documented influence 56 years

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “Problems of Life: An Evaluation of Modern Biological Thought”; Vienna, Austria (formation); book published after emigration, New York, 1952

    Global Circulation: systems thinking (Thinking in Systems: A Primer) — Donella H. Meadows, 2008

  3. parallel discovery 1 year — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Oskar Lange, “Całość i rozwój w świetle cybernetyki”; Warsaw, Poland, 1962

    Global Circulation: system dynamics (Industrial Dynamics) — Jay W. Forrester, 1961

The bitter lesson and Moravec’s paradox 1 thread

  1. anticipation 70 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Ulam (we współpracy z Johnem von Neumannem), “The Monte Carlo Method (oraz eksperymenty z automatami i programami szachowymi w Los Alamos)”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine); Budapest, Hungary; Los Alamos, USA, 1949

    Global Circulation: the bitter lesson on the superiority of scalable search over hand-coded domain knowledge (The Bitter Lesson) — Richard S. Sutton, 2019

Synthetic data 1 thread

  1. anticipation 73 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Ulam, “Metoda Monte Carlo (Los Alamos 1946; publikacja z Nicholasem Metropolisem w „Journal of the American Statistical Association” 1949) — wcześniej doktorat na Politechnice Lwowskiej (1933) pod kierunkiem Kazimierza Kuratowskiego”; Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine); Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1949

    Global Circulation: synthetic data as data generated by a mathematical model to solve a data-science task — James Jordon, Łukasz Szpruch i in. (raport dla Royal Society), 2022

Ketman and living in truth 3 threads

  1. author from the region 2 years

    Central European Source: Czesław Miłosz, “Ketman (paryska „Kultura” 1951, nr 7–8; rozdz. III „Zniewolonego umysłu”, 1953)”; Wilno, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania); Warsaw, Poland; Paris, France, 1951

    Global Circulation: Ketman (ideological mimicry and the inner split of the intellectual) — Czesław Miłosz, 1953

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Václav Havel (w dialogu z fenomenologią Jana Patočki), “Moc bezmocných”; Hrádeček, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia); Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1978

    Global Circulation: living in truth (život v pravdě) and the post-totalitarian system — Václav Havel, 1978

  3. documented influence 27 years

    Central European Source: Václav Havel i Czesław Miłosz, “Zniewolony umysł (1953) oraz Moc bezmocných (1978)”; Warsaw, Poland; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1978

    Global Circulation: theories of preference falsification and performative ideological ritual — Timur Kuran (1991) i Aleksiej Jurczak (2005), 2005

Preference falsification 4 threads

  1. anticipation 36 years

    Central European Source: Czesław Miłosz, “Ketman (first published in “Kultura”; from 1953 Chapter III of “The Captive Mind”)”; Wilno (now Vilnius, Lithuania); Warsaw, Poland; Paris, France, 1951

    Global Circulation: preference falsification — Timur Kuran, 1987

  2. documented influence 13 years

    Central European Source: Václav Havel, “Moc bezmocných”; Hrádeček, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1978

    Global Circulation: preference falsification and the apparent stability of regimes (Now Out of Never) — Timur Kuran, 1991

  3. documented influence 12 years

    Central European Source: Piotr Wierzbicki, “Traktat o gnidach”; Warsaw, Poland (underground press), 1979

    Global Circulation: preference falsification and political conformism (Now Out of Never) — Timur Kuran, 1991

  4. historical experience 2 years

    Central European Source: Collapse of Communist regimes in Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Romania — Przemiany 1989 roku w Europie Środkowej i NRD; Warsaw, Poland; Budapest, Hungary; Leipzig, East Germany (now Germany); Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia); Bucharest, Romania, 1989

    Global Circulation: application of the revolutionary cascades model to the revolutions of 1989 — Timur Kuran, 1991

AI sycophancy and reward hacking 3 threads

  1. anticipation 71 years

    Central European Source: Czesław Miłosz, “Ketman (w: „Zniewolony umysł”)”; Wilno (now Vilnius, Lithuania); Warsaw, Poland; Paris, France, 1951

    Global Circulation: sycophancy in language models — Ethan Perez et al. (Anthropic); Mrinank Sharma et al., 2022

  2. anticipation 59 years

    Central European Source: János Kornai, “A gazdasági vezetés túlzott központosítása”; Budapest, Hungary, 1957

    Global Circulation: reward hacking and specification gaming — Dario Amodei, Chris Olah, Jacob Steinhardt, Paul Christiano, John Schulman, Dan Mané, 2016

  3. anticipation 51 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Cyberiada”; Kraków, Poland, 1965

    Global Circulation: literal optimization of a misspecified objective (specification gaming) — Dario Amodei et al.; Victoria Krakovna et al., 2016

Veil of ignorance 2 threads

  1. anticipation 18 years

    Central European Source: John C. Harsanyi, “Cardinal Utility in Welfare Economics and in the Theory of Risk-taking (1953); Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility (1955)”; Budapest, Hungary, 1953

    Global Circulation: the veil of ignorance in the original position — John Rawls, 1971

  2. counterpoint 4 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: John C. Harsanyi, “Can the Maximin Principle Serve as a Basis for Morality? A Critique of John Rawls's Theory”; Budapest, Hungary (formation); Berkeley, California (publication), 1975

    Global Circulation: the maximin rule behind the veil of ignorance — John Rawls, 1971

Existential risk 1 thread

  1. anticipation 47 years

    Central European Source: John von Neumann, “Can We Survive Technology?”; Budapest, Hungary, 1955

    Global Circulation: existential risk — Nick Bostrom, 2002

Goodhart’s law 1 thread

  1. anticipation 18 years

    Central European Source: János Kornai, “A gazdasági vezetés túlzott központosítása. Kritikai elemzés könnyűipari tapasztalatok alapján”; Budapest, Hungary, 1957

    Global Circulation: Goodhart's law — Charles A. E. Goodhart, 1975

Tacit knowledge and Polanyi’s paradox 2 threads

  1. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Michael Polanyi (Mihály Polányi), “Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (1958) oraz The Tacit Dimension (1966)”; Budapest, Hungary; Karlsruhe, Germany; Manchester, United Kingdom, 1958

    Global Circulation: tacit knowledge and the tacit dimension — Michael Polanyi, 1966

  2. documented influence 48 years

    Central European Source: Michael Polanyi (Mihály Polányi), “The Tacit Dimension”; Budapest, Hungary; Manchester, United Kingdom, 1966

    Global Circulation: Polanyi's paradox in labor economics and artificial intelligence — David H. Autor, 2014

Extended mind 1 thread

  1. anticipation 40 years

    Central European Source: Michael Polanyi, “Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (rozdz. 4 „Skills”); rozwinięcie w The Tacit Dimension (1966)”; Budapest, Hungary (formation); Manchester, United Kingdom (publication), 1958

    Global Circulation: the extended mind and the parity principle — Andy Clark i David Chalmers, 1998

Tyranny of merit 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 60 years

    Central European Source: Friedrich August von Hayek, “The Constitution of Liberty, rozdz. „Equality, Value, and Merit””; Vienna, Austria (formation); Chicago, USA (publication), 1960

    Global Circulation: the tyranny of merit — Michael J. Sandel, 2020

Privacy-preserving machine learning 1 thread

  1. documented influence 56 years

    Central European Source: Alfréd Rényi, “On Measures of Entropy and Information”; Budapest, Hungary; Szeged, Hungary, 1961

    Global Circulation: Rényi differential privacy as a formal privacy-accounting measure in machine learning — Ilya Mironov, 2017

Posthumanism 1 thread

  1. anticipation 13 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae”; Kraków, Poland (formation: Lwów, now Lviv, Ukraine; Kraków), 1964

    Global Circulation: posthumanism and posthumanist culture — Ihab Hassan, 1977

Ethics of technology 1 thread

  1. anticipation 15 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae”; Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine); Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: ethics of responsibility for a technological civilization (Das Prinzip Verantwortung) — Hans Jonas, 1979

Imperative of responsibility and heuristics of fear 3 threads

  1. anticipation 15 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa Technologiae (oraz „Głos Pana”)”; Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: imperative of responsibility in technological civilization (Das Prinzip Verantwortung) — Hans Jonas, 1979

  2. anticipation 13 years

    Central European Source: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, “Medytacje o życiu godziwym”; Warsaw, Poland, 1966

    Global Circulation: asymmetric custodial responsibility and the primacy of preventing catastrophe (Heuristik der Furcht) — Hans Jonas, 1979

  3. parallel discovery 4 years

    Central European Source: Jan Patočka i Václav Havel, “Kacířské eseje o filosofii dějin (1975) oraz Moc bezmocných (1978)”; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia); Hrádeček, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1975

    Global Circulation: phenomenological critique of technological civilization and ethics of responsibility — Hans Jonas, 1979

Hyperreality 1 thread

  1. anticipation 17 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae, rozdz. VI „Fantomologia” (podrozdział „Podstawy fantomatyki”)”; Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: hyperreality and the precession of simulacra (Simulacres et simulation) — Jean Baudrillard, 1981

Disinformation 2 threads

  1. historical experience 20 years

    Central European Source: Podrzucenie skrzyń ze spreparowanymi „dokumentami nazistowskimi” do Czarnego Jeziora w Szumawie — Operacja Neptun (StB); Černé jezero, Šumava, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1964

    Global Circulation: historiography of disinformation and active measures (Shultz & Godson 1984; Rid 2020) — Richard H. Shultz, Roy Godson; Thomas Rid, 1984

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Ladislav Bittman, “The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare”; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia); Vienna, Austria, 1972

    Global Circulation: disinformation as a deliberate, covert deception operation (insider account) — Ladislav Bittman, 1972

Non-identity problem 2 threads

  1. anticipation 20 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa Technologiae (oraz „Filozofia przypadku”)”; Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: the non-identity problem and the time-dependence of individual conception — Derek Parfit, 1984

  2. counterpoint 18 years

    Central European Source: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, “Medytacje o życiu godziwym”; Warsaw, Poland, 1966

    Global Circulation: impersonal utility aggregation and the non-identity problem — Derek Parfit, 1984

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) 1 thread

  1. anticipation 33 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae, rozdz. IV „Intelektronika””; Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: artificial general intelligence (AGI) — Mark Gubrud (termin, 1997); Shane Legg i Ben Goertzel (rozpowszechnienie, ok. 2002), 1997

Fermi paradox 1 thread

  1. documented influence 45 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae (rozdz. III „Cywilizacje kosmiczne”); także „Głos Pana” (1968) i „Fiasko” (1986)”; Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: the Fermi paradox framed as Silentium Universi (“the absence of cosmic miracles”) in astrobiological review literature — Milan M. Ćirković, 2009

AI alignment 1 thread

  1. anticipation 50 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae, rozdz. IV „Intelektronika””; Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine); Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: AI alignment / the control problem — Nick Bostrom; Stuart Russell, 2014

Synthetic media 2 threads

  1. anticipation 56 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Summa technologiae (rozdział o fantomatyce)”; Kraków, Poland, 1964

    Global Circulation: synthetic media and the crisis of evidentiary authenticity — Nina Schick, 2020

  2. historical experience 1 year

    Central European Source: Spreparowane nagranie rozmowy Michala Šimečki z dziennikarką Moniką Tódovą — Deepfake audio przed wyborami parlamentarnymi na Słowacji; Bratislava, Slovakia, 2023

    Global Circulation: synthetic media as an electoral interference weapon (“the Slovak case”) — Lluis de Nadal, Peter Jančárik, 2024

Generative AI 3 threads

  1. anticipation 49 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Wyprawa pierwsza A, czyli Elektrybałt Trurla (w: Cyberiada)”; Kraków, Poland, 1965

    Global Circulation: generative AI (machines composing original texts on any prompted topic or style) — Ian Goodfellow i in. (GAN, 2014); OpenAI (GPT, 2018–2022), 2014

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Tomáš Mikolov, “Recurrent neural network based language model”; Brno, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 2010

    Global Circulation: neural language models as the core of text-based generative AI — Tomáš Mikolov, Martin Karafiát, Lukáš Burget, Jan Černocký, Sanjeev Khudanpur, 2010

  3. author from the region 4 years

    Central European Source: Łukasz Kaiser, “Wrocław: urodzenie (1981), habilitacja na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim (2013) przed pracą w Google Brain”; Wrocław, Poland, 2013

    Global Circulation: Transformer (Attention Is All You Need) — the architecture underlying contemporary generative models — Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin, 2017

AI slop 1 thread

  1. anticipation 59 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Wyprawa pierwsza A, czyli Elektrybałt Trurla (w: Cyberiada)”; Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine); Kraków, Poland, 1965

    Global Circulation: AI slop (slop) — Simon Willison; @deepfates, 2024

Illusion of explanatory depth 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 36 years

    Central European Source: Michael Polanyi, “The Tacit Dimension (na podstawie Terry Lectures, Yale 1962)”; Budapest, Hungary (formation, then Austria-Hungary); Manchester, UK and New Haven, Connecticut, USA (text and Terry Lectures, 1962), 1966

    Global Circulation: illusion of explanatory depth — Leonid Rozenblit i Frank C. Keil, 2002

Feedback loops 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 20 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, “General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications”; Vienna, Austria (University of Vienna, PhD 1926), 1968

    Global Circulation: feedback and homeostasis (Wiener's cybernetics) — Norbert Wiener, 1948

Soft budget constraint and shortage economy 2 threads

  1. historical experience 27 years

    Central European Source: Niepowodzenie prób połączenia własności państwowej z dyscypliną rynkową na Węgrzech i w Polsce po 1968 r. — Gospodarki socjalistyczne Europy Środkowej i węgierski Nowy Mechanizm Gospodarczy (Új Gazdasági Mechanizmus); Budapest, Hungary; Warsaw, Poland, 1968

    Global Circulation: formal theory of the soft budget constraint syndrome (SBC syndrome) — János Kornai, Eric Maskin, Mathias Dewatripont, 1995

  2. author from the region 1 year

    Central European Source: János Kornai, “Resource-Constrained versus Demand-Constrained Systems (Econometrica, 1979) oraz Economics of Shortage / A hiány (1980)”; Budapest, Hungary, 1979

    Global Circulation: soft budget constraint and shortage economy — János Kornai, 1980

Philosophy of information 1 thread

  1. anticipation 32 years

    Central European Source: Marian Mazur, “Jakościowa teoria informacji”; Warsaw, Poland, 1970

    Global Circulation: philosophy of information — Luciano Floridi, 2002

Degrowth 1 thread

  1. documented influence 36 years

    Central European Source: Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, “The Entropy Law and the Economic Process”; Bucharest, Romania, 1971

    Global Circulation: décroissance / degrowth as a political program — Serge Latouche, 2007

Game B 1 thread

  1. documented influence 46 years

    Central European Source: Ivan Illich, “Tools for Conviviality”; Vienna, Austria; Salzburg, Austria (formation); Cuernavaca, Mexico (where the book was written), 1973

    Global Circulation: conviviality as one of the pillars of Game B (Jordan Hall, Jim Rutt) — Jordan Hall, 2019

Nudge and behavioral economics 1 thread

  1. anticipation 32 years

    Central European Source: Tibor Scitovsky, “The Joyless Economy: An Inquiry into Human Satisfaction and Consumer Dissatisfaction”; Budapest, Hungary, 1976

    Global Circulation: behavioral economics and choice architecture (nudge) — Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein, 2008

Hypernormalization 4 threads

  1. anticipation 27 years

    Central European Source: Václav Havel, “Moc bezmocných”; Hrádeček, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 1978

    Global Circulation: hypernormalization — Aleksiej Jurczak, 2005

  2. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Aleksiej Jurczak, “Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation”; Leningrad, USSR (now Saint Petersburg, Russia), 2005

    Global Circulation: hypernormalization as a feature of late socialist language — Aleksiej Jurczak, 2005

  3. documented influence 11 years

    Central European Source: Aleksiej Jurczak, “Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation”; Leningrad, USSR (now Saint Petersburg, Russia); Berkeley, California, USA, 2005

    Global Circulation: HyperNormalisation (BBC documentary film) — Adam Curtis, 2016

  4. counterpoint 9 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Jūratė Kavaliauskaitė, “Alexei’aus Yurchako politiškumo samprata ir vėlyvojo sovietmečio paradoksai”; Vilnius, Lithuania, 2014

    Global Circulation: hypernormalization and the “performative shift” (Yurchak) — Aleksiej Jurczak, 2005

Sociological vacuum 2 threads

  1. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Stefan Nowak, “System wartości społeczeństwa polskiego („Studia Socjologiczne” 1979, nr 4)”; Warsaw, Poland, 1979

    Global Circulation: sociological vacuum (próżnia socjologiczna) — Stefan Nowak, 1979

  2. historical experience 19 years

    Central European Source: Masowa samoorganizacja „Solidarności” rok po diagnozie Nowaka i powrót „próżni socjologicznej” po transformacji 1989 r. — Powstanie NSZZ „Solidarność” (1980) oraz spór o kondycję społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w III RP po 1989 r.; Gdańsk, Poland; Warsaw, Poland, 1980

    Global Circulation: sociology of civil society, social capital, and post-communist trust — Piotr Sztompka, Grzegorz Ekiert, Jan Kubik, 1999

Social atomization 1 thread

  1. anticipation 16 years

    Central European Source: Stefan Nowak, “System wartości społeczeństwa polskiego”; Warsaw, Poland, 1979

    Global Circulation: decline of social capital and associational ties (Bowling Alone) — Robert D. Putnam, 1995

Digital semiotics 2 threads

  1. documented influence 37 years

    Central European Source: Jurij Łotman, “О семиосфере (O semiosfere)”; Tartu, Estonian SSR (now Estonia), 1984

    Global Circulation: the digital semiosphere — John Hartley, Indrek Ibrus, Maarja Ojamaa, 2021

  2. author from the region 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Mihai Nadin, “Interface design: A semiotic paradigm”; Brașov and Bucharest, Romania, 1988

    Global Circulation: the computer as a “semiotic machine”; semiotics of the user interface — Mihai Nadin, 1988

Dark forest theory 1 thread

  1. anticipation 22 years

    Central European Source: Stanisław Lem, “Fiasko”; Kraków, Poland, 1986

    Global Circulation: dark forest theory — Liu Cixin, 2008

Datafication 1 thread

  1. author from the region 25 years

    Central European Source: Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, “Studia prawnicze na Uniwersytecie w Salzburgu (Mag. iur. 1988, Dr. iur. 1991), habilitacja z prawa informacji w Grazu (2001) (Law studies at the University of Salzburg, Mag. iur. 1988, Dr. iur. 1991, and habilitation in information law at the University of Graz, 2001)”; Salzburg and Graz, Austria, 1988

    Global Circulation: datafication (the “Datafication” chapter in “Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think”) — Viktor Mayer-Schönberger i Kenneth Cukier, 2013

Exit, voice, and loyalty 2 threads

  1. historical experience 4 years

    Central European Source: Otwarcie granicy węgierskiej i kryzys ambasadzki w Pradze w połączeniu z demonstracjami poniedziałkowymi (1989) — Fala ucieczek obywateli NRD przez Węgry i Czechosłowację oraz protesty w Lipsku; Budapest, Hungary; Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia); Leipzig and Berlin, East Germany (now Germany), 1989

    Global Circulation: interaction of exit and voice in regime collapse (Exit, Voice, and the Fate of the German Democratic Republic) — Albert O. Hirschman, 1993

  2. historical experience 15 years

    Central European Source: Odpływ milionów obywateli w wieku produkcyjnym z Polski, Węgier, Rumunii, Bułgarii i państw bałtyckich na rynki pracy Europy Zachodniej — Masowa emigracja poakcesyjna z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej po 1989 i 2004 roku; Warsaw, Poland; Budapest, Hungary; Bucharest, Romania; Sofia, Bulgaria, 2004

    Global Circulation: draining of democratic voice through easy emigratory exit (The Light that Failed) — Iwan Krastew, Stephen Holmes, 2019

State capacity 2 threads

  1. historical experience 17 years

    Central European Source: Building public administration, oversight institutions, and privatization in Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania after 1989 — Post-communist state rebuilding in Central Europe and the Baltic states; Warsaw, Poland; Prague, Czechia; Budapest, Hungary; Bratislava, Slovakia; Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tallinn, Estonia; Riga, Latvia; Vilnius, Lithuania; Sofia, Bulgaria, 1990

    Global Circulation: state exploitation by governing parties and the constraining role of robust party competition — Anna Grzymała-Busse, 2007

  2. historical experience 6 years

    Central European Source: Weakness of the post-Soviet state in the 1990s: inability to collect taxes, enforce contracts, and protect property — Collapse of state institutions in post-1991 Russia; Moscow, Russia (then Russian SFSR / Russian Federation), 1991

    Global Circulation: weak state and individual rights; liberalism as dependent on state capacity — Stephen Holmes, 1997

Postcolonialism 3 threads

  1. historical experience 10 years

    Central European Source: Rządy imperium rosyjskiego i Związku Sowieckiego nad krajami bałtyckimi, Polską, Ukrainą i resztą regionu, zakończone w latach 1989–1991 — Panowanie Rosji i ZSRR nad Europą Środkowo-Wschodnią; Warsaw, Poland; Vilnius, Lithuania; Riga, Latvia; Kyiv, Ukraine, 1991

    Global Circulation: global postcolonial critique encompassing the post-Soviet space — David Chioni Moore, 2001

  2. counterpoint 19 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Maria Todorova, “Imagining the Balkans”; Sofia, Bulgaria, 1997

    Global Circulation: Orientalism — Edward W. Said, 1978

  3. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Ewa M. Thompson, “Imperial Knowledge: Russian Literature and Colonialism”; Warsaw, Poland (formation; the book was written in Houston, Texas), 2000

    Global Circulation: postcolonial reading of the Russian Empire — Ewa M. Thompson, 2000

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) 1 thread

  1. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Michael Obersteiner, “Studia podyplomowe na Universität für Bodenkultur i w Institut für Höhere Studien w Wiedniu; od 1993 r. praca w programie leśnym IIASA w Laxenburgu”; Vienna and Laxenburg, Austria, 1993

    Global Circulation: BECCS as a source of negative emissions and a tool of climate risk management (Managing Climate Risk) — Michael Obersteiner i współautorzy, 2001

Just transition 3 threads

  1. historical experience 17 years

    Central European Source: Ustawa z 26 listopada 1998 r. o dostosowaniu górnictwa węgla kamiennego do funkcjonowania w warunkach gospodarki rynkowej oraz szczególnych uprawnieniach i zadaniach gmin górniczych; towarzyszący jej górniczy pakiet socjalny — Restrukturyzacja górnictwa węgla kamiennego w Polsce (program 1998–2002); Upper Silesia, Poland, 1998

    Global Circulation: just transition as a public-policy framework — ILO, Guidelines for a just transition (Tripartite Meeting of Experts), 2015

  2. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Solidarity and Just Transition Silesia Declaration — COP24 w Katowicach — Śląska Deklaracja o Solidarnej i Sprawiedliwej Transformacji; Katowice, Poland, 2018

    Global Circulation: just transition in the UN climate negotiation architecture — szefowie państw i rządów obecni na COP24 (prezydencja polska), 2018

  3. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Just Transition Fund (rozporządzenie (UE) 2021/1056) i terytorialne plany sprawiedliwej transformacji — Polskie regiony węglowe jako główny adresat Funduszu na rzecz Sprawiedliwej Transformacji; Upper Silesia, Eastern Greater Poland, Bełchatów, Wałbrzych and Western Lesser Poland areas, Poland, 2021

    Global Circulation: the Just Transition Mechanism in the European Green Deal — Parlament Europejski i Rada UE (rozporządzenie (UE) 2021/1056, po propozycji Komisji ze stycznia 2020 r.), 2021

Memetics 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 24 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Kalevi Kull, “Copy versus translate, meme versus sign: development of biological textuality”; Tartu, Estonia, 2000

    Global Circulation: the meme as a cultural replicator (memetics) — Richard Dawkins, 1976

Liminal thinking 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 16 years

    Central European Source: Árpád Szakolczai, “Reflexive Historical Sociology (rozwinięcie w artykule „Liminality and Experience”, International Political Anthropology 2(1), 2009, oraz w „Permanent Liminality and Modernity”)”; Budapest, Hungary; Cork, Ireland, 2000

    Global Circulation: liminal thinking — Dave Gray, 2016

Frontier AI 1 thread

  1. author from the region 23 years

    Central European Source: Anton Korinek, “Studia prawnicze (cand. iur. 1997) i ekonomiczne (magisterium 2000) na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim”; Vienna, Austria, 2000

    Global Circulation: frontier AI (Frontier AI Regulation: Managing Emerging Risks to Public Safety) — Markus Anderljung, Joslyn Barnhart, Anton Korinek i in., 2023

Loneliness epidemic 1 thread

  1. anticipation 8 years

    Central European Source: Zygmunt Bauman, “Liquid Love: On the Frailty of Human Bonds”; Warsaw, Poland; Leeds, United Kingdom, 2003

    Global Circulation: loneliness epidemic; “alone together” — Sherry Turkle; Vivek Murthy, 2011

Technological solutionism 1 thread

  1. author from the region 8 years

    Central European Source: Jewgienij Morozow, “Urodzony w Soligorsku; studia na American University in Bulgaria; praca w Transitions Online nad nowymi mediami w krajach poradzieckich”; Salihorsk, Belarus; Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; Prague, Czech Republic, 2005

    Global Circulation: technological solutionism — Evgeny Morozov, 2013

Metamodernism 1 thread

  1. anticipation 3 years

    Central European Source: Alexandra Dumitrescu, “Interconnections in Blakean and Metamodern Space”; Cluj (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), 2007

    Global Circulation: metamodernism as an oscillation between modern enthusiasm and postmodern irony (Notes on metamodernism) — Timotheus Vermeulen, Robin van den Akker, 2010

Digital sovereignty 1 thread

  1. historical experience 13 years

    Central European Source: Cyberataki z kwietnia–maja 2007 r. i umowa Estonia–Luksemburg o ambasadzie danych (2017) (The April–May 2007 cyberattacks and the 2017 Estonia–Luxembourg data embassy agreement) — Ataki DDoS na Estonię (2007) i estońska „ambasada danych” w Luksemburgu (2017) (The 2007 DDoS cyberattacks on Estonia and Estonia's 2017 “data embassy” in Luxembourg); Tallinn, Estonia, 2007

    Global Circulation: digital sovereignty as state control over its own critical digital infrastructure and data — Pohle i Thiel (synteza dyskursu); Floridi, 2020

Large language models (LLMs) 1 thread

  1. documented influence 10 years

    Central European Source: Tomáš Mikolov, “Doktorat „Statistical Language Models Based on Neural Networks” (VUT Brno, 2012) i artykuł „Recurrent neural network based language model” (Interspeech 2010)”; Brno, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 2010

    Global Circulation: large language models (Language Models are Few-Shot Learners, GPT-3) — Tom B. Brown i in., 2020

Foundation models 1 thread

  1. documented influence 11 years

    Central European Source: Tomáš Mikolov, “Doktorat „Statistical Language Models Based on Neural Networks” (Wydział Informatyki VUT Brno, obrona 2 X 2012) oraz model językowy RNN (Interspeech 2010); w 2013 r. w Google: word2vec”; Brno, Czechoslovakia / Czech Republic (now Czechia), 2010

    Global Circulation: foundation models — Rishi Bommasani, Percy Liang i in. (Stanford CRFM), 2021

RLHF 1 thread

  1. documented influence 5 years

    Central European Source: Johannes Fürnkranz, “Preference-based reinforcement learning: a formal framework and a policy iteration algorithm (z Eyke Hüllermeierem, Weiwei Chengiem i Sang-Hyeunem Parkiem)”; Vienna, Austria (formation); Darmstadt, Germany (publication), 2012

    Global Circulation: deep reinforcement learning from human preferences — Paul Christiano, Jan Leike i in., 2017

Multimodality 1 thread

  1. documented influence 9 years

    Central European Source: Tomáš Mikolov, “Doktorat „Statistical Language Models Based on Neural Networks” (FIT VUT, promotor Jan Černocký); współautorstwo „DeViSE: A Deep Visual-Semantic Embedding Model” (NIPS 2013)”; Brno, Czechoslovakia (now Czechia), 2012

    Global Circulation: shared image–text embedding space (CLIP) — Alec Radford i in., OpenAI, 2021

Transformer 3 threads

  1. author from the region 4 years

    Central European Source: Łukasz Kaiser, “Studia informatyczne w Instytucie Informatyki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego; habilitacja tamże (2013)”; Wrocław, Poland, 2013

    Global Circulation: Transformer (Attention Is All You Need) — Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin, 2017

  2. author from the region 4 years

    Central European Source: Illia Polosukhin, “Studia w Narodowym Uniwersytecie Technicznym „Charkowski Instytut Politechniczny” (2008–2013)”; Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2013

    Global Circulation: Transformer (Attention Is All You Need) — Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin, 2017

  3. documented influence 3 years

    Central European Source: Dzmitry Bahdanau, “Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (z Kyunghyunem Cho i Yoshuą Bengio)”; Minsk, Belarus (formation); Bremen, Germany and Montreal, Canada (work), 2014

    Global Circulation: Transformer (Attention Is All You Need) — Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin, 2017

Overton window 1 thread

  1. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Jewgienij Gorżałcan (blog „zuhel”), “Технология уничтожения (wpis na LiveJournal)”; Moscow, Russia, 2014

    Global Circulation: the Overton window as a covert “technology” for step-by-step legalization of the unthinkable (the conspiratorial variant of the concept) — Jewgienij Gorżałcan, za schematem Joe Cartera (2011), 2014

Post-truth 1 thread

  1. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Dezinformacja wokół Krymu, Donbasu i zestrzelenia MH17 (2014); uruchomienie StopFake w Kijowie 2 marca 2014 r. — Rosyjska wojna informacyjna towarzysząca aneksji Krymu i wojnie w Donbasie; odpowiedź StopFake; Kyiv, Crimea and the Donbas, Ukraine, 2014

    Global Circulation: post-truth as the export of Russia's “war on reality” (weaponization of information) — Peter Pomerantsev i Michael Weiss (2014); Timothy Snyder (2017–2018), 2014

Explainable AI (XAI) 2 threads

  1. author from the region 2 years

    Central European Source: Sandra Wachter, “Studia prawnicze na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim, praca w austriackim Federalnym Ministerstwie Zdrowia, doktorat w Wiedniu”; Vienna, Austria, 2015

    Global Circulation: counterfactual explanations as an operational form of the right to explanation — Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt, Chris Russell, 2017

  2. historical experience 5 years

    Central European Source: Ustawa z dnia 21 lutego 2019 r. o zmianie niektórych ustaw w związku z zapewnieniem stosowania RODO (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 730), art. 70a Prawa bankowego — Nowelizacja Prawa bankowego — art. 70a (prawo do wyjaśnienia oceny zdolności kredytowej); Warsaw, Poland, 2019

    Global Circulation: statutory right to explanation of algorithmic decisions (GDPR Art. 22; EU AI Act Art. 86) — Unia Europejska, 2024

Algorithmic bias 1 thread

  1. historical experience 4 years

    Central European Source: Algorytmiczne profilowanie pomocy dla bezrobotnych; raport Fundacji Panoptykon „Profiling the Unemployed in Poland” (2015); wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego K 53/16 (2018) — Profilowanie bezrobotnych w polskich urzędach pracy (2014–2019); Warsaw, Poland, 2015

    Global Circulation: algorithmic bias and opacity in public-sector automated decision-making (AlgorithmWatch, “Automating Society”) — AlgorithmWatch / Jędrzej Niklas, 2019

Affective polarization 1 thread

  1. historical experience 5 years

    Central European Source: Wysoka wrogość międzypartyjna w młodych demokracjach regionu w pomiarach CSES 2005–2016; Polska po 2015 r. jako przypadek polaryzacji „odgórnej” — Systemy partyjne Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (zwłaszcza Węgry i Polska); Budapest, Hungary; Warsaw, Poland, 2015

    Global Circulation: affective polarization in multiparty democracies (Affective Polarisation Index) — Andres Reiljan, 2020

Predictive processing 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 4 years — regional source later than global formulation

    Central European Source: Piotr Litwin, Marcin Miłkowski, “Unification by Fiat: Arrested Development of Predictive Processing”; Warsaw, Poland, 2020

    Global Circulation: predictive processing as a unified theory of the brain — Andy Clark / Karl Friston, 2016

Prebunking 2 threads

  1. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Polska wersja gry „Bad News” i badanie międzykulturowe prebunkingu, “Prebunking interventions based on „inoculation” theory can reduce susceptibility to misinformation across cultures”; Poland, 2020

    Global Circulation: prebunking (the term in the title of a scholarly paper) — Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden, Thomas Nygren, 2020

  2. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Pierwsza masowa kampania prebunkingowa na platformach społecznościowych, zapowiedziana na koniec sierpnia 2022 r. — Kampania prebunkingowa Jigsaw (Google) w Polsce, Czechach i na Słowacji wobec dezinformacji o uchodźcach z Ukrainy; Poland; Czechia; Slovakia, 2022

    Global Circulation: prebunking as a scalable “vaccine” against manipulation (Science Advances, Foolproof) — Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden i in., 2022

Deepfake 1 thread

  1. historical experience 0 years — same text on both sides

    Central European Source: Sfabrykowane nagranie, w którym prezydent Ukrainy wzywa żołnierzy do złożenia broni; równolegle zhakowany pasek informacyjny telewizji Ukraina 24 — Deepfake z kapitulacją Wołodymyra Zełenskiego; Kyiv, Ukraine, 2022

    Global Circulation: deepfake as an instrument of information warfare; first widely analyzed political deepfake deployed during an active war — Chesney i Citron (scenariusz z 2019 r.), DFRLab (2022), Twomey i in. (PLOS ONE, 2023), 2022

Technofeudalism 1 thread

  1. counterpoint 1 year

    Central European Source: Evgeny Morozov, “Studia w American University in Bulgaria; praca jako dyrektor ds. nowych mediów w czeskiej organizacji Transitions Online; następnie „Critique of Techno-Feudal Reason” (Studies at the American University in Bulgaria; work as Director of New Media at the Czech NGO Transitions Online; subsequently “Critique of Techno-Feudal Reason”)”; Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; Czech Republic (now Czechia), 2022

    Global Circulation: technofeudalism — Yanis Varoufakis, 2023

Corpus Architecture

Ten Domains of Knowledge

The corpus comprises 200 concepts organized into ten thematic domains—with a documented Central European lineage in 127 of them. Open the full catalog of 200 concepts →